Tuesday 12 May 2015

Arabic numbers



                                                                بِسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمانِ الرَّحِيم

الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه

الدرس الرابع عشر

السلام عليكم ورَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَركاتُه ,  This is part 2 of arabic series of (Yaac) Yet another arabic course.   As promised, insha-allah we will learn about arabic numbers in this chapter.  You have already looked into arabic numbers if you were noticing the chapter names.
i.e.  الدرس الثاني , الدرس الثالث etc.  

Look at the arabic numerals written below and learn them.

صفر
sefr
٠
0
واحد
wahed
١
1
اثنين
ethnein
٢
2
ثلاثة
thalatha
٣
3
أربعة
arba-a
٤
4
خمسة
khamsa
٥
5
ستة
sitta
٦
6
سبعة
sab-a
٧
7
ثمانية
thamanya
٨
8
تسعة
tis-a
٩
9
عشرة
ashara
١٠
10

Notice the number (10). Strange thing is that arabic numbers are written from left to right. Arabic numerals were invented by mathematicians in India. That’s why it is was called "Hindu numerals". They were later called "Arabic" numerals by Europeans, because they were introduced in the West by Arab merchants.

Exercise:

Write the arabic numbers from 1-10 without any help from this book.

Exercise:

Read this hadith which you have already learned in previous chapter and answer the questions in arabic.

Messenger of allah (peace be upon him) said:
"يَتْبَعُ الميِّتَ ثَلاثَةٌ : أهْلُهُ ومَالُهُ وعَمَلُهُ. فَيَرْجِعُ اثْنَانِ، ويَبْقَى وَاحِدٌ : يَرْجِعُ أَهْلُهُ ومَالُهُ، ويَبْقَى عَمَلُهُ ". (متفق عليه).

Q  1:  How many followed the dead ?
Q  2:  Who all ?  
Q  3:  How many returned ?
Q  4:   مَن هُما ?

Exercise:

Number 322  is written in arabic as ٣٢٢.
Now write these numbers in arabic.   48 , 129 , 256 , 490 , 891

When we talk about numbers.  The question that follow is . . . .
How many ?  كَمْ ؟
Example :  كم عمرك؟ . How old are you?
عمري   ٦  سنوات. My age is 6 yrs.

In arabic to say “there are” we say.  هُناكَ . literally it means “there” opposite of “here” i.e. “هُنا”
We can use it simple arabic phrases very commonly.
هُناكَ كَمْ  سيّارة في الصورة ؟ - how many cars are there in the picture.
هُناكَ خمسة سيّارة - There are five cars in the picture.

Make some similar questions and try to answer the same.
example:  How many students are there in class. How many rooms are there in this house etc.

Exercise:

Read the following and understand.
اَلصَّلَواتُ الخَمْسُ

خالدٌ
مُحَمَّدٌ
خالدٌ
مُحَمَّدٌ
خالدٌ
مُحَمَّدٌ
خالدٌ
مُحَمَّدٌ
خالدٌ
مُحَمَّدٌ
خالدٌ
مُحَمَّدٌ
: كَمْ صَلاةً في آليَوْمِ يا مُحمَّدُ؟
: في اْليَوْمِ خَمْسُ صَلَواتٍ.
: ماهِيَ؟
: هي الصُّبْحُ والظُّهرُ والعَصْرُ والمغربُ والعِشاء.
: كَمْ رَكْعَةً صَلاةُ الصُّبْحِ؟
: رَكْعَتانِ.
: وكَمْ رَكْعَةً صلاةُ الظُّهرِ؟
: أَرْبَعُ رَكَعاتٍ في الظهْرِ وَأَرْبَعُ رَكَعاتٍ في آلعَصْرِ أَيْضاً. :
: وَآلمَغْرِبُ وَآلعِشاءُ؟
: اَلْمَغْرِبُ ثَلاثُ رَكَعاتٍ وَاْلعِشاءُ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعاتٍ .
: بارَكَ آللَّهُ فِيكَ.
: وَفِيكَ.
Asking the time .
When we need to ask the time in arabic. its كَمِ السَّاعة ؟
السَّاعة means hour literally. But the phrase above means “whats the time now”.

So to answer we can say.

الساعة الواحدة
الساعة الثانية
الساعة الرابعة
الساعة السادسة

Notice we are using “first, second, third …” format of numbers. And not one,two,three. To know full list of this format, just see the chapter names till now.

Exercise:
Read the activities done by student on a day and understand. Student’s is telling us exact time he does something.

1- أَذْهَبُ إِلى المَدْرَسَة في السَّاعةِ السَّابِعَةِ صَباحاً.

2- أَعُودُ إِلى البَيتِي في السَّاعةِ الوَاحِدَةِ ظُهراً.

3- أَتَنَاوَلُ الغَدَاءَ في السَّاعةِ الثَّانِيَةِ ظُهراً.

4- أَنَامُ في السَّاعةِ العَاشرَةِ ليلاً.


أَتَنَاوَلُ / آكُلُ means i eat . أَنَامُ means i sleep. أَعُودُ means i return.

Another questions related to numbers is
How much ? بِكَم ؟ .
بِكَم كِيلو الموز , مِن فَضلِك ؟   - How much is a kilo of bananas, please.
كيلو الموز بِخَمْسَة  رِيالاتٍ.    -  A kilo of bananas is five riyals.

Exercise:
Here are some fruits in arabic. please try to make sentences like above with different price.
apple  تفّاح, orange برتقال , lemon  ليمون  , grape  عنب , dates تمر ,

Numbers from 11-19:

سِتّةَ عَشَرَ
16
احداَ عَشَرَ
11
سَبعةَ عَشَرَ
17
إثناَ عَشَرَ
12
ثَمانيةَ عَشَر
18
ثَلاثةَ عَشَرَ
13
تِسعةَ عَشَرَ
19
أرْبَعةَ عَشَرَ
14
عِشرون
20
خَمْسةَ عَشَرَ
15


Numbers from 21-100:

ستون
60
واحد وعشرون
21
سبعون
70
اثنان وعشرون
22
ثمانون
80
ثلاثون
30
تسعون
90
أربعون
40
مئة
100
خمسون
50

Exercise:

Number practice from > 10. Try to translate the below in arabic to english using the word tips from table.

في المَكْتَبَـةِ

اَلطَّـالِبُ
: السلام عليكم.
صاحِبُ المَكْتَبَةِ
: وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله.
Student
: مِنْ فَضْلِكَ. بِكَمِ الدَّفْتَرُ.
صاحِبُ المَكْتَبَةِ
: اَلدَّفْتَرُ الصَّغِيرُ بِثَلاثَةِ رِيالاتٍ .
اَلطَّـالِبُ
: وَبِكَمْ اْلـمِسْطَرَةُ.
Library owner
: اَلْمِسْطَرَةُ بِرِيالَين.
اَلطَّـالِبُ
: أُرِيدُ خَمْسَةَ دَفاتِرَ صَغِيرَةٍ وَمِسْطَرَتَين.
صاحِبُ المَكْتَبَةِ
: خَمْسَةُ دَفاتِرَ بِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ رِيالاًَ، وَمِسْطَرَتانِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ رِيالاتٍ (15+4=19) اَلْمَجْموعُ تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ رِيالاً.
اَلطَّـالِبُ
: تَفَضَّلْ.
صاحِبُ المَكْتَبَةِ
: شُـكْراً.

Meanings of some words above:
notebook
الدَّفْتَرُ
small
الصَّغِيرُ
Ruler
اَلْمِسْطَرَةُ
I want
أُرِيدُ
Total
اَلْمَجْموعُ
Please take it. (have it)
تَفَضَّلْ


You know numbers. then now you know days of weeks too.
“Week” is أسبوع (usbūʿ), from سَبَع (sabaʿ) or “seven,” and “days of the week” is أيام الأسبوع (ayām al-usbūʿ).

Monday
الإثْنَين
Tuesday
الثَلاثاء
Wednesday
الأربَعاء
Thursday
الخَميس
Friday
الجُمُعة
Saturday
السَبْت
Sunday
الأحَد

Year in arabic is called (عام)  or ( سنة ).  that’s why when asked about your age. if you are 25 years you can reply.  عُمْرِي خَمْسَة وَعِشْرِينَ  سنوات.

Exercise.
Answer the following in arabic.
  1. كم عدد أيام في الأسبوع
              (عدد means number)
  1. كم عدد الأسابيع في الشهر
         (الشهر means month)
  1. كم عدد الأشهر في السنة  

This was quite big chapter. Hmm ? Intention is to build on our vocabulary. So please try and follow exercises properly if you want to build upon your vocabulary.   Ending this chapter with a hadith. Please answer this question from that hadith - Prayer in congregation is better than individual prayer by how many times in reward ?

صَلاةُ الجَماعَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صَلاةِ الفَرْدِ بسبع وَعِشْرِينَ درجة‏ .Prophet mohammad (pbuh) said

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