بِسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمانِ الرَّحِيم
الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه
الدرس السابع عشر
السلام عليكم ورَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَركاتُه, In previous chapter you studied how to make Idafa. Below are some sentences with Idafa with adjectives. Try to identify Idafa and adjectives from below, also try to put kasra, dhamma, fataha to the words that don’t have them.
اليومُ العيدِ عُطلَة
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festival day is holiday
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قلمُ الرِصَاصِ رخِيص
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the pencil is cheap
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فضلُ اللهِ كبيرة جدا
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Grace of Allah is very big
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فصل الشتاء بارد
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Winter season is cold
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العطلةُ الصيفية طويلة
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summer holidays are long
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عطلة الشتاء قصيرة
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winter holidays are short
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دروسُ الكتابِ مفيدة
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lessons of the book are useful
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أثمارُ حديقةِ كثيرة
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Fruits of garden are many
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حديقة مدينة جميلة
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Garden of city is beautiful
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ولدُ الرجلِ الصالحُ
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The righteous son of man
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ولدُ الرجلِ الصالحِ
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The son of righteous man
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شعرُ البنتِ الجميلةِ
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The hair of beautiful girl
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شعرُ البنتِ الجميلةُ
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The beautiful hair of girl.
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Notice the last 4 sentences above. The word order is very same but just the usage of kasra makes the whole meaning different.
Relative pronouns:
Yet another conjugation table to memorize. But widely used in Quran. Please memorize it in this way. Al-Ladhī, Al-ladhāni, Al-ladhīna ……. Al-Latī, Al-latāni, Al-Lā’ī
Plural
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Dual
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Singular
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الَّذِينَ Those all/Who
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اللَّذَانِ Those two/Who
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الَّذِي - /Which/ Who/That
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اللائِي Those all/Who
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اللَّتَانِ Those two/Who
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الَّتِي - Which/ Who/That
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Let’s take some examples of the Relative Pronouns:
هَـٰذَا الْبَابٌ الَّذِي أَمَامَ الْمَسْجِدِ.
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This is the door which is in front of the mosque
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هَـٰذَا الْقِطٌّ الَّذِي جَلَسَ.
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That is the cat that has sat
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أُولَئِكَ الإِخْوَةُ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى الْجَامِعَةِ.
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Those are the brothers who went to the University
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أُؤلَئِكَ عُلَمَاءُ
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Those are scholars
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هَؤُلاءِ مُمَرِّضَاتٌ.
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These are nurses
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أَهَٰذَا الَّذِي بَعَثَ اللَّهُ رَسُولًا
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Is this the one whom Allah has sent as a messenger? (25:41)
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نِعْمَتِيَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ
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My covenant [upon you] that I will fulfill your covenant [from Me], .. (2:41)
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وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَسْتَ مُرْسَلًا
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And those who have disbelieved say, "You are not a messenger."... (13:43)
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Colors:
You can usually make an adjective feminine by adding (ة). Example : السرير جديد - the bed is new. الحقيبة جديدة - the bag is new. ( note: the adjective becomes feminine when we subject is feminine).
Adjectives describing basic color are the main exception to this and have their own feminine form. Study the colors below and their feminine form.
Color
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Masculine
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feminine
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white
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أبْيَضْ
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بيضاء
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red
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أحمر
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حمراء
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black
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أسود
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سوداء
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green
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أخضر
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خضراء
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yellow
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أصفر
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الصفراء
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blue
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أزرق
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زرقاء
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So you use right form for right subject. masculine adjective color for masculine subject and feminine for feminine subject. example : سيارة زرقاء - blue car. حصان أبيض - white horse.
Asking questions “which” :
Which bag is red : أيّ حقيبةٍ حمراء ؟
which bird is black: أيّ الطائرٍ اسود ؟
(Note: please notice above the subject is changed to kasra (ــٍ) when used with أيّ
Asking questions “Is every ?”
Is everything cheap ? : أ كُلُّ شيءٍ رَخِيصٌ ؟
No everything is not cheap : لا، كُلُّ شيءٍ ليست بِرخِيصة
Practice drill:
If we want to learn any language, then we need to practice more and do some drill exercise like below. From whatever we learnt till now, If you know 3 words (1 noun and 2 adjectives), you can make more than 7 sentences out of it. example.
Green - أخضر
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Fast - سرعة
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car - سيارة
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Which car is fast
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أيّ السيارةٍ سريعة
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The green car is fast
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السيارة خضراء سريعة
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The teacher’s green car is fast
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سيارةُ المُعلّمِ الخضراء سريعة
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Fast green car
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سيارة خضراء سريعة
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Is every car fast ?
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أ كل سيارةٍ بسرعة
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No, every car is not fast
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لا، كل سيارة ليست بسريعة
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The car which is green is fast
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السيارة التي خضراء هي سريعة
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2) Fill the empty items below as given in above example.
smart - ذَكِيٌّ
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good - جَيِّدٌ
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student - طالِبٌ
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Which student is good ?
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الطالب الذكي جيد
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The student of the school is good and smart
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The student who is smart is good
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الطالب الذكي و الجيد
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Is every student smart
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لا، كل طالب ليست بذكية
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3) Translate below into arabic
Big - كَبِيرٌ
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Heavy - ثَقِيلٌ
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Bag - حقيبة
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Which bag is heavy ?
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The big bag is heavy
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The student’s bag is heavy
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The which is big is heavy
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Is every bag heavy ?
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No, every bag is not heavy
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4) Try to translate this :
- which bird is black
- crow is black
- the bird which is black is crow
- Is every bird black ?
- No, every bird is not black.
- ……
- Which book is useful
- book of Allah is useful
- Also , it is easy and not tough.
- It is an easy and useful book.
Note that to answer the above translations you must study the adjectives chapter thoroughly.
This chapter was mostly about building vocabulary and not much about grammar.
Insha-allah we will continue vocabulary building lessons before we go into more grammar lessons. 