Arabic Don'ts - Prohibitive Verb

بِسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمانِ الرَّحِيم

الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه

الدرس الخامس و العشرون

السلام عليكم ورَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وبَركاتُه ,  In the previous chapter we studied the command format. i.e asking someone to do something. Do this … Do that etc…

In this chapter insha-allah we will learn how to tell Don’t do this .. or Don’t do that. ….   Like in English we add Don’t in front of the verb. example Where the imperative would mean “listen”, the prohibitive means “don’t listen.”

The method of constructing this verb is quite simple;

• First, convert the present tense to jussive and prefix لا to it.

Example:

إفْعَل: Do,

لا تَفْعَل: Don’t do.

Memorize this table for [Don’ts]

لا يَفْعَلُوْا  - They should not do	لا يَفْعَلا - They should not do	لا يَفْعَلْ  - he should not do
لا يَفْعَلْن -  They should not do	لا تَفْعَلا - They should not do	لا تَفْعَلْ - she should not do
لا تَفْعَلُوْا - Don't do	لا تَفْعَلا - Don't do	لا تَفْعَلْ -   Don't do
لا تَفْعَلْن - Don't do	لا تَفْعَلا - Don't do	لا تَفْعَلي - Don't do
	لا نَفْعَلْ - We should not do	لا أَفْعَلْ  - I should not  do

Remember (Jussive) form is important. Sukkun on last letter, else it will change the meaning:

لا تشربْ - Don’t drink

and لا تشربُ - you don’t drink.

Exercise :  

Translate below hadith and quran ayah which uses the prohibitive verbs.

عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللّه عَنْهُ قَالَ: قال رَسُولُ اللّه صَلَّى اللّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لا تَأْكُلُوا بالشِّمَال فَإنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَأْكُلُ باْلشِّمَال ".  رواه مسلم

عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رضي اللّه عَنْهُمَا قال: قال رسولُ اللّه صلى الله عليه وسلم " لا تَمْنَعوا نِسَاءَكُمُ المساجِدَ، وبُيُوتُهُنَّ خَيْرٌ لَهُنَّ ". (رواه أبو داود).

يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ  - 31:13

فَاذْكُرُونِي أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ - 2:152

Previous chapter we asked a kid to Do something.  But now we will ask kid NOT to do somethings.

Don’t	Arabic
go	أيها الولدُ لا تَذْهَبْ إلى المَدْرَسَة بالتاخير
laugh	ولا تَضْحَكْ على أحدا
Joke always	ولا تَمْزَح دائما
be sad	ولا تَحْزَن
be lazy	ولا تَكْسَل
lie	لا تَكْذَبوا فإن الكِذْب خَصْلَة مزمومة
play , read	ولا تَقْرَوا وَقْت اللَعِب ولا تَلْعَبوا وَقْت القِراءة
make	ولا تَجْعلوا مَعَ الله إله آخر
prostrate	لا تَسْجُدُوا لِلشَمْسِ ولا لِلقَمَرِ

فإنَّ means because in arabic and it associates well with the probitive verbs.  here are the examples.  please try to get its meaning from dictionary.

لا تَشْرَبْ هذا الشَّايَ فَإنَّهُ بَارِدٌ   Don’t drink this tea because it is cold.

لا تَأْكُلْ هذا الطَّعَامَ فَإنَّهُ فَاسدٌ

اقْرَأْ هذا الكِتَابَ فإِنَّه مُفِيدٌ

لا تَنَامُوا الآنَ فَإِنَّ وَقْتَ الصَّلاةِ قَرِيبٌ

كُلْ هذه الفَاكِهَةَ فَإِنَّها لَذِيذَةٌ .

Alhamdulillah we have completed vast part of Arabic learning. Insha-allah we have 2-3 chapters left to learn more about verb forms ,Please bare patience.

I suggest you to go through this link which nicely summarises about the arabic verbs.

http://www.learnarabiconline.com/verb-conjugation.shtml

Also suggest to go through the verb list in 80% quran and practice test from this link

http://80percentwords.com/

Learn some more verbs from this link.

http://www.learnarabiconline.com/practice-verbs.shtml

please memorise the verb list above.  And remember practice is the key to master anything.