Arabic joined pronouns

                                                                    بِسمِ اللهِ الرَّحمانِ الرَّحِيم

الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه

الدرس الرابع

كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ

Every soul shall taste death

[sur'ah 29:57]

And after death every person has to meet the Angels who will ask 3 questions in the grave:

Who is your Lord?    مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟

Who is your Prophet? مَنْ نَبِيوكَ؟

What is your religion? ما دِينُكَ؟

In the previous chapter we studied some basic sentences using pronouns in dual and plural format.   

example:

we are students. (نحْنُ  طالِبون)

And in chapter 2 we learned that if we take a noun example ( بِنْت - daughter/ girl) and add ‘i’ to the end, it refers to “my …”

like (بِنْتي - my daughter) .  Similarly if we add (كَ) it will become (بِنْتُكَ) - your daughter.

Therefore the questions asked in the grave for example: (مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟) - means :  who is your Lord ?

These are called joined pronouns.  We just add suffix to it to refer a noun to someone.  Just as we studied table for pronouns, below is another important table which lists the possible options for joined pronouns.  Its again really important to memorize these tables so that we don’t make grammatical mistake. You MUST master this table.  Just read it this way loudly like this :

Hu, huma, hum . . . . .  Ha, huma, hunna,  . . . . . . Ka, Kuma, Kum . . . . . Ki, Kuma, Kunna . . . . . . . ee  ,na.

Plural	Dual	Singular	←
هُم (their)	هُما (their)	هُ (His)	Third person masculine
هُنّ(their)	هُما (their)	ها(her)	Third person feminine
كُمْ (your)	كُما (your)	كَ (Your)	(M) Second person
كُنّ (your)	كُما (your)	كِ (your)	(F) Second Person
نا (our)		ي (my)	First Person

Please read it again and again till you do not stammer to tell it without seeing. Just utter it when you are riding / eating to master it. In class my teacher asks everyone again and again till he is comfortable telling it.

the format for all is same:  noun + suffix.   example (بَيتٌ) means house. so above table becomes :

            

Plural	Dual	Singular	←
بَيتُهُم (their house)	بَيتُهُما (their both house)	بَيتُهُ (his house)	Third person masculine
بَيتُهُنّ (their house)	بَيتُهُما (their both house)	بَيتُها (her house)	Third person feminine
بَيتُكُم (your house)	بَيتُكُمَا (your  house)	بَيتُكَ (Your house)	(M) Second person
بَيتُكُنّ (your house)	بَيتُكُما (your house)	بَيتُكِ (your house)	(F) Second Person
بَيتُنَا (our house)		بَيتِي (my house)	First Person

Note that when we refer plural / dual in above table its always only one house (noun).  and it belongs to either 2 people / more.  example (بَيتُهُم)  one house belonging to many people.

Now from the grammar you have learned, can you answer the questions of the grave in arabic ?

Who is your Lord?    مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟

Who is your Prophet? مَنْ نَبِيوكَ؟

What is your religion? ما دِينُكَ؟

can you translate below in English:

أ مُحَمَّدْْ  (صلى الله عليه وسلم) رَسُولَهُ ؟

أ هُو عَبدُهُ ؟

ما اسمك من فضلك ؟

ما عملُكَ ؟

Now for the below nouns , please make joined pronoun table as we did for (بَيتٌ)

pen -    قَلَمٌ

كَلبٌ - dog

قَطٌ - cat

مِفْتاحٌ - key

قَمِيصٌ - shirt

كِتابٌ - book

Keep memorising new words like above as they are basic words of our daily life.

Insha-allah in next chapter we shall try to learn demonstrative pronouns in arabic.